A comprehensive subject-wise quiz on International Relations designed for UPSC Prelims 2027 aspirants. Covers BRICS expansion, global GDP shifts, and the European Peace Facility.
- BRICS now holds a higher share of global GDP (PPP) compared to the G7.
- India is set to host the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi.
- The European Peace Facility (EPF) serves as a unique off-budget funding mechanism for EU military actions.
In this edition of UPSC Essentials, we delve into the complex dynamics of International Relations (IR). As aspirants prepare for the UPSC Prelims 2027, understanding the shifting paradigms of multilateralism is more crucial than ever.
The BRICS Ascendance: A Shift in Global Economic Power
The geopolitical landscape is witnessing a historic shift. While the G7 once dominated the global economic narrative, the expanded BRICS grouping has emerged as a formidable force. In 2000, the original BRIC nations accounted for only 23% of global GDP on a Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) basis. However, by 2024, the 11-member BRICS bloc surged to approximately 36.8%, surpassing the G7's share, which has fallen below 29%.
Furthermore, India is preparing to host the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi. This landmark event marks the 20th anniversary of the group's formalization, providing a platform to discuss South-South cooperation and the future of global economic governance.
Why This Matters
BozokMedia analysis shows that the expansion of BRICS is not merely about numbers; it is about resource control. The group now commands roughly 78.2% of global mineral coal production and has seen its intra-group merchandise trade skyrocket to $1.17 trillion in 2024.
The transition from a G7-centric world to a multi-polar order is being accelerated by the institutional expansion of emerging economies like BRICS.
Understanding the European Peace Facility (EPF)
On the European front, the European Peace Facility (EPF) has become a focal point of discussion regarding international security. As a unique, off-budget instrument, the EPF allows the European Union to fund actions with military and defense implications under the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP).
Recent controversies in Estonia involving ammunition procurement for Ukraine have highlighted the operational complexities and the financial responsibilities of member states within this mechanism.
| Metric | G7 Group | BRICS Group |
|---|---|---|
| Global GDP Share (PPP) | < 29% | ~36.8% |
| Core Focus | Developed Economies | Emerging Economies |
| Membership Trend | Stable | Rapid Expansion (11 Members) |
Frequently Asked Questions
Question 1: Who is the latest full member of BRICS?
Answer: Indonesia became the 11th full member of the BRICS grouping in January 2025.
Question 2: What defines the European Peace Facility (EPF)?
Answer: It is an off-budget funding mechanism used by the EU for military and defense-related international security actions.
